Arduino is a technology that allows us to program and create great innovations. Moreover, the fact that it can be developed by any of us without the need for any programming or electronics certification is very practical.
There are so many details on Arduino that you can actually implement interrupts in your process. In this article we will explain clearly and in detail what these interruptions are and what they mean.
We will also talk about their features and how to make them fast and easy. If you want to make your own interruption later, you can use some of the projects listed here as a basis.
What are interrupts in Arduino and what are they used for when designing a device?
When we talk about interrupts, we are talking about a powerful mechanism by which any device or system can be safely paused or stopped immediately. Since the Arduino is an electronic system, you need to use this mechanism as well.
More specifically, one can imagine having the technology to control a centrifugal pump from the PLC. However, we need to stop it and it is not responding to the PLC, so we need to quickly go to the stop or pause button so that it gives an immediate stop command.
The great value of this stop lies not only in its safe operation for the operator, but also in the benefits it can give us:
- Intervention to check the correct consumption of energy and resources, which can be queried via the connection status.
- If the system is operating at the time of impact, immediate action should be taken so that corrective measures can be taken.
- Check the pulses emitted by the processors. Thanks to systematic interrogation, we cannot detect any reduced impulses in the stock.
On the other hand, these interruptions, if not programmed and enabled, can be a serious problem and cause system and CPU instability by interrupting events that were running correctly. This type of interruption can be referred to as ISR (Interruption Service Routine).
Technically, they interrupt the normal processor and interrupted program thread, whose transmitted tasks and actions are not taken into account by the execution of a single ISR function.
Effects of interrupts in Arduino How does this affect the operation of the project?
Failures have a positive effect on all projects, although this is of course due to the right effort. The system may contain more than one interrupt line, their use depends on the needs and priorities. If we have a system and a processor that performs a set of tasks in a normal and continuous manner, but we want it to perform other activities that are of greater value and importance than the previous ones, we need to perform an ISR.
The following lists give an overview of how this works:
- Cancels all machine commands associated with the switch.
- All messages and values issued by the processor are stored in a protected manner in a register so that they can be re-executed when an action is requested.
- The processor or CPU skips all stored addresses for routine tracking and performs a single target parade. This is one of the safest stops for both the system and the operator.
- Once the interrupt is over, the processor starts all the tasks that were previously skipped, continuing the work at the previous point.
Interruption types
There are different types of systems and processors, so there are also different types of interrupts.
Therefore we mention them below:
- HW or external interruptions : It is an asynchronous interruption of the actions performed by the processor. In other words, they are stops that can be executed at any time, whether the processor is currently running or not.
- SWAT’s interrupting him: These are known software interrupts whose sequence is triggered by a programming code and an action. The Arduino does not currently support this type of interrupt.
- Time scheduled events or shutdowns : As their name implies, they are time stoppers, they are programmed after a certain operating time.
- Exceptions: This type of stop occurs when the operator wants to perform an incorrect or blocked action and the system responds with an immediate stop.
The ISR function What is it and what is its purpose in Arduino interrupts?
We can roughly say that interrupt functions are called ISRs, and they are based on the fact that no other function is transmitting or receiving, and therefore no data can be returned. In the previous section, we mentioned that there are different types of SRIs, but none of them can be applied simultaneously, as this could lead to a lack of control. The right way to do it is to do one in continuity with the other.
If you really delve into the world of Arduino technology, you will find that it is always. The shorter, the better. If an ISR has the shortest possible execution time, the system can resume its activity quickly and efficiently and fewer errors are generated.
We can also look at it descriptively; if we have an item collection process with a motor implemented, a prolonged stoppage can cause errors if the motor loses power and stops pushing on the arm, forcing it to release the items.
Variables
If we want to change a variable that belongs to the external interruption part, we always have to keep in mind that it is important to create an energy independent statement whose indicator is used to refer to a variable that can be monitored or queried.
A variable indicator is an indicator that compiles all input and also disables certain optimization functions that may be considered efficiency leaks. If we need to create variables, we only need to mark as volatile those properties that are really needed to make the main loop within the interrupts.
Learn step by step how to quickly and easily create and test an interrupt on the Arduino
If you want to make your own interrupt in the Arduino board, you’re in the right place. This chapter explains what you need to do to learn how to create and test an interrupt on the Arduino, in the simplest way possible.
Let’s go:
Generate an interrupt
To create an interrupt, you must first look at its language and syntax, it is essentially handled as follows:
attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(pin), ISR, modo); //(recommendation)
attachInterrupt(Interrupt, ISR, modo); //(no recommendation)
attachInterrupt (pin, ISR, modo); //Arduino SAMD card, a WiFi Rev2, Due y 101
With this knowledge, we will create our own SRI using the parameters mentioned above:
- Interruption: The desired number of interrupts is specified here. The syntax to be entered to refer to it is int.
- Pen: As the name suggests, it is simply the pin number of the Arduino.
- SRI : When we talk about ISR this time, let’s refer only to the call that causes the interrupt. This function is completely parameterless and returns nothing, it’s just a service routine in many cases.
- Fashion: Use this function to specify when interrupts should be triggered based on four allowed value constants, namely What :
- Low: Used when an interrupt must be triggered while the pin is low.
- Change: Used to trigger an interrupt when the value of the contact changes.
- Stand up: When the spindle moves from bottom to top, this spindle is used.
- Case: Unlike the previous one, here the pin value changes from high to low.
Termination of test
We must not only create the interrupt, but also test it so that the algorithm works correctly. Since this is a test, we need to evaluate both the maximum of everything and the minimum, so we need to do all possible stops, both long and short, and if we notice anything unusual in the system, the CIO should be changed.
List of the best Arduino projects with interrupts that you can make yourself to practice
In this final section, we will talk about projects you can use to practice and apply all the knowledge you have gained about creating interrupts.
Below are some simple projects that are suitable for programming:
Vehicle parking sensor
To keep an eye on the integrity of the car while it is parked, it makes sense to make a sensor with an Arduino board. With this device, the alarm sounds every time the vehicle approaches an object during a maneuver, but it is important that it has an interruption mechanism to stop the sound once the task is completed.
If you know the syntax, creating an ISR for this project is very easy to program because it performs simple tasks, but on the other hand, the interrupt must be long so that it interrupts all the running tasks. For this project you will need an Arduino UNO model, three ultrasonic sensors, a breadboard, a set of cables, and two mini battery screens. Once you have all these elements, you need to put them together according to the illustration we show you.
Then you need to open the IDE and write these programming instructions:
#include
#define CLK 3 // Cableado de la pantalla derecha
#define DIO 2
#define CLK2 5 // Cableado de la pantalla izquierda
#define DIO2 4
#define trigPin 6 // Cableado de los mĆ³dulos de ultrasonido R = Derecha L = Izquierda el otro es el medio
#define echoPin 7
#define trigPinR 8
#define echoPinR 9
#define trigPinL 10
#define echoPinL 11
#define Maxdistance 20 // Distancia mƔxima 20cm
LARGA DURING;
int distancia ;
TM1651 Display (CLK, DIO) ;
TM1651 Display (CLK2, DIO2) ;
Configuration vacĆa () {
pinMode (trigger, SALIDA); // Pin modes of HC-SR04 and inicio de las pantallas
pinMode ( echoPin, ENTRADA ) ;
pinMode ( trigPinR, SALIDA ) ;
pinMode ( echoPinR, ENTRADA ) ;
pinMode ( triggerPinL, SALIDA ) ;
pinMode ( echoPinL, ENTRADA ) ;
init () ;
( MĆS BRILLANTE ) ;
init () ;
( MĆS BRILLANTE ) ;
}
bucle vacĆo ()
in distances = CDistanciaM = CDistancia (trigpel, echpel); // Calculate all distances lamando abajo
int distanciaR = CDistancia ( trigPinR, echoPinR ) ;
int distanciaL = CDistancia ( trigPinL, echoPinL ) ;
int R = min ( distancia M , distancia R ) ; // Tenemos dos pantallas R y L, primero tomamos la distancia mĆnima de M / R y M / L
int L = minus ( distanciaM, distanciaL ) ;
if ( R> 0 && R maximum distance )
Display level ( 7) ;
if ( L> 0 & & L maximum distance )
Display level ( 7) ;
retrazo ( 50 ) ;
}
on CD ( a, b ) { // Calculate the fun of the distances
digitalWrite ( a, BAJO ) ;
delayMicroseconds ( 2 ) ;
escritura digital ( a, ALTA ) ;
delayMicroseconds ( 10 ) ;
digitalWrite ( a, BAJO ) ;
Duration = heart rate in ( b, HIGH ) ;
distancia = duraciĆ³n * ( 0 .034 / 2 ) ;
distancia de regretso ; // Devuelve la distancia calculada
}
Intelligent traffic light
A typical Arduino semaphore, is the second simplest Arduino projectSo or so, the level of complexity is that we need to create an interrupt that cancels an action and executes another process. This means that the color of the traffic can be changed. To this end, the type of SRI must be short and time-specific.
To build your own smart traffic light, you’ll need an Arduino Nano R3, generic LED lights, photo resistors, cables and a 100 ohm resistor. When you’re done, take a look at the diagram we left for you to connect the components.
Then open the programming platform and enter these codes:
// Connect the input pin for the LDR sensor next to the LED.
int ledSensor = A1 ;
// Remove the input pin of the LDR sensor in the upper part of the lamp to solve the problem.
int sunSensor = A0 ;
// Set the input pin for the LED.
int led = 13 ;
int pirSensor = 2 ;
int ledSensorValue = 0 ;
// This variable for the almacenate valor appeared to be censored in the upper part of the lampara that siente the solar luz.
int sunSensorValue = 0 ;
int pirSensorValue = 0 ;
Configuration vacĆa () {
Series . comenzar (9600) ;
pinMode ( led , SALIDA ) ;
pinMode(pirSensor, INPUT) ;
}
void loop() {
sunSensorValue = analogue reading (sunSensor) ;
if (sunSensorValue > 900 )
{
pirSensorValue = Digital readout (pirSensor) ;
if (pirSensorValue == 1)
{
digitalWrite(13, HIGH) ;
print(String(1)) ;
print(,) ;
print(String(sunSensorValue)) ;
print(,) ;
ledSensorValue = analogRead(ledSensor) ;
print(String(ledSensorValue)) ;
print(,) ;
println(String(pirSensorValue)) ;
Only if (pirSensorValue == 0){.
digitalWrite(13, LOW) ;
print(String(0)); //disabled
print(,) ;
print(String(sunSensorValue)) ;
print(,) ;
ledSensorValue = analogRead(ledSensor) ;
Serial .print(String(ledSensorValue)) ;
print(,) ;
Serial . println(String(pirSensorValue)) ;
}
}
// If (sunSensorValue < 900)
{
escritura digital ( 13, LOW) ;
Serial . imprimir (Cadena (0)) ;
Serial Prints .(,) ;
Serial . imprimir ( Cadena (sunSensorCity) ;
Serial Prints .(,) ;
ledSensorValue = analogRead(ledSensor) ;
Serial . imprimir (Cadena (LED sensor)) ;
Serial Prints .(,) ;
pirSensorValue = Digital readout (pirSensor) ;
Sequential . print ( string ( pirSensorValue )) ;
}
retrazo (10000) ; // Demora 10 segundos y luego vuelve a tomar la lectura. This is where the interruption is produced
}
SketchVehicle lighting
This is one of the most chosen Arduino projects by beginners, because it not only beautifies the car and makes it look luxurious, but also practices your IDE. The programming is simple, so you can’t put this electronic work aside. Interruptions play an important role because the direction or flow of the process in each facility must change at our discretion. With ISR, we can undo the change by canceling the current task.
To complete your project, you’ll need an Arduino Nano R3, 120 LED strip, 3mm sodium, male and female wires, and three 400 point solderless breadboards. You can combine these materials with each other, taking into account the image above.
Finally, there is the programming part of the Arduino Nano Rev3 board, so you will need to download the sequences we give below:
byte ledPin[] = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12} ;
int ledDelay = 300 ;
int direccion = 1 ;
in LEDActual = 5 ;
unsigned long Tiempo Cambio ;
void setup() {
for(int x=0; x<10; x++){ pinMode(ledPin[x], OUTPUT); } TiempoCambio = millis(); } void loop() { if ((millis() – TiempoCambio) > …
cambioLED() ;
TiempoCambio = millis() ;
}
}
void cambioLED() {
for(int x=0; x<10; x++){
digitalWrite(ledPin[x],LOW) ;
}
digitalWrite(ledPin[LEDActual], HIGH) ;
LEDActual += direction ;
if (LEDActual == 9) {
Pointer = -1 ;
}
if (LEDActual == 0) {
Pointer = 1 ;
}
}
If you have any questions, leave them in the comments. We will reply to you as soon as possible and this will also be a great help to other members of the community. Thank you.
Author : Mario Jose
As a journalist specializing in investigative journalism, I look for the truth in everything. Today he is 100% focused on technology, computers and the internet.
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